Abstract
The application of genetic programming for closed-loop wake stabilization downstream of a triangular cluster of three rotating cylinders, referred to as the fluidic pinball, is investigated experimentally. The implementation of unsteady actuation for control is considered and the benefits over steady control Raibaudo (Phys Fluids 32:015108, 2020) discussed. Experiments are performed at Reynolds number Re \(\approx \) 2200. Two-component planar PIV measurements and hot-wire anemometry are used to characterize the wake with and without actuation. Each cylinder is controlled independently, and the rotation speed is sinusoidally modulated. Linear genetic programming is implemented for the optimization of feedback controllers. Two objectives are considered: drag reduction or wake symmetrization, for which two cost functions \({\mathcal {J}}\) are defined. Open-loop control using sinusoidal modulation is performed to study the efficiency of unsteady actuation compared to constant rotation speeds. Genetic programming is shown to be more efficient than traditional methods for optimization of a large number of control parameters. For the fluidic pinball, optimal solutions are found to be more robust when compared to open-loop genetic algorithms.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the technical support for the experimental setup design of Peng Zhong, and for PIV measurements of D\(^{\mathrm {r}}\) Chris Morton and Matthew Gordon Kindree. Thanks to P\(^{\mathrm {r}}\) Bernd R. Noack and D\(^{\mathrm {r}}\) Ruiying Li for interesting discussions about linear genetic programming. The present work is supported by the senior author’s (R. J. Martinuzzi) NSERC discovery grant. C. Raibaudo acknowledges the financial support of the University of Calgary Eyes-High PDF program. Funding was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No. 04079) and Canada Foundation for Innovation (Grant No. 34707).
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Raibaudo, C., Martinuzzi, R.J. Unsteady actuation and feedback control of the experimental fluidic pinball using genetic programming. Exp Fluids 62, 219 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-021-03309-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-021-03309-1