Skip to main content
Log in

W. B. Langdon “Jaws 30”

  • Commentary
  • Published:
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Commentary to this article was published on 22 November 2023

The Original Article was published on 22 November 2023

A Reply to this article was published on 22 November 2023

Abstract

At the 30th anniversary of ‘Jaws’, the Genetic programming field has much to celebrate. However, in order continue to build on these successes, it might be necessary to look more deeply into the “less successful” and/or “less explored” topics. We consider the role of FPGA and GPU platforms from the former and coevolution from the latter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. An opinion of John Koza after all.

  2. TensorFlow, for example began, as proprietary software for defining deep learning architectures that was ultimately released as an open-source library.

  3. Kubernetes and Keras provide different levels of granularity when developing deep learning models while maintaining TensorFlow access to GPU computing platforms.

References

  1. A.K. Agogino, K. Tumer, Efficient evaluation functions for evolving coordination. Evol. Comput. 16(2), 257–288 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Arcuri, X. Yao, Co-evolutionary automatic programming for software development. Inf. Sci. 259, 412–432 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. F. Baeta, J. Correia, T. Martins, P. Machado, Tensorgp—genetic programming engine in tensorflow, in Applications of Evolutionary Computation - 24th International Conference, EvoApplications 2021, Held as Part of EvoStar 2021, Virtual Event, April 7-9, 2021, Proceedings, volume 12694 of lecture notes in computer science. ed. by P.A. Castillo J.L.J. Laredo, (Springer, 2021), pp. 763–778

  4. A.T.M. Golam Bari, R. Alessio Gaspar, P. Wiegand, J.L. Albert, A. Bucci, A.N. Kumar, Evoparsons design, implementation and preliminary evaluation of evolutionary parsons puzzle. Genet. Progr. Evol. Mach. 20(2), 213–244 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Bi, B. Xue, M. Zhang, A divide-and-conquer genetic programming algorithm with ensembles for image classification. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 25(6), 1148–1162 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Brameier, W. Banzhaf, Evolving teams of predictors with linear genetic programming. Genet. Progr. Evol. Mach. 2(4), 381–407 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Cartlidge, S. Bullock, Combating coevolutionary disengagement by reducing parasite virulence. Evol. Comput. 12(2), 193–222 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Yew Chong, P. Tiño, X. Yao, Relationship between generalization and diversity in coevolutionary learning. IEEE Trans. Comput. Intell. AI Games 1(3), 214–232 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M.K. Colby, K.Tumer, Shaping fitness functions for coevolving cooperative multiagent systems, in International conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems. IFAAMAS, (2012), pp. 425–432

  10. E.D. de Jong, A monotonic archive for pareto-coevolution. Evol. Comput. 15(1), 61–93 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. K. Desnos, N. Sourbier, P.-Y. Raumer, O. Gesny, M. Pelcat, Gegelati: lightweight artificial intelligence through generic and evolvable tangled program graphs, in Workshop on design and architectures for signal and image processing. (ACM, 2021), pp. 35–43

  12. J.A. Doucette, A.R. McIntyre, P. Lichodzijewski, M.I. Heywood, Symbiotic coevolutionary genetic programming: a benchmarking study under large attribute spaces. Genet. Progr. Evol. Mach. 13(1), 71–101 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Harding, W. Banzhaf, Fast genetic programming on gpus, in Genetic Programming, 10th European conference, EuroGP 2007, Valencia, Spain, April 11-13, 2007, Proceedings, volume 4445 of lecture notes in computer science. ed. by M. Ebner, M. O’Neill, A. Ekárt, L. Vanneschi, A. Esparcia-Alcázar, (Springer, 2007), pp. 90–101

  14. K. Imamura, T. Soule, R.B. Heckendorn, J.A. Foster, Behavioral diversity and a probabilistically optimal GP ensemble. Genet. Progr. Evol. Mach. 4(3), 235–253 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. W. Jaskowski, K. Krawiec, Formal analysis, hardness, and algorithms for extracting internal structure of test-based problems. Evol. Comput. 19(4), 639–671 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. N. Kashtan, E. Noor, U. Alon, Varying environments can speed up evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104(34), 13711–13716 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Kelly, M.I. Heywood, Knowledge transfer from keepaway soccer to half-field offense through program symbiosis: building simple programs for a complex task, in Proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference, GECCO 2015. ed. by S. Silva A.I. Esparcia-Alcázar, (ACM, 2015), pp. 1143–1150

  18. S. Kelly, M.I. Heywood, Emergent tangled graph representations for atari game playing agents, in Genetic Programming - 20th European Conference, EuroGP 2017, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 19-21, 2017, Proceedings, volume 10196 of LNCS. ed. by J. McDermott, M. Castelli, L. Sekanina, E. Haasdijk, P. García-Sánchez, (2017), pp. 64–79

  19. S. Kelly, M.I. Heywood, Discovering agent behaviors through code reuse: examples from half-field offense and ms. pac-man. IEEE Trans. Games 10(2), 195–208 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Kelly, M.I. Heywood, Emergent solutions to high-dimensional multitask reinforcement learning. Evol. Comput. 26(3), 347–380 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Kelly, P. Lichodzijewski, M.I. Heywood, On run time libraries and hierarchical symbiosis, in Proceedings of the IEEE congress on evolutionary computation, CEC 2012, Brisbane, Australia, June 10-15, 2012, (IEEE, 2012), pp. 1–8

  22. W.B. Langdon, A.P. Harrison, GP on SPMD parallel graphics hardware for mega bioinformatics data mining. Soft. Comput. 12(12), 1169–1183 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Lichodzijewski, M.I. Heywood, Managing team-based problem solving with symbiotic bid-based genetic programming, in Genetic and evolutionary computation conference, GECCO 2008, Proceedings, Atlanta, GA, USA, July 12-16, 2008 ed. by C. Ryan, M. Keijzer, (ACM, 2008), pp. 363–370

  24. O. Maitre, N. Lachiche, P. Clauss, L.A. Baumes, A. Corma, P. Collet, Efficient parallel implementation of evolutionary algorithms on GPGPU cards, in Euro-Par 2009 Parallel Processing, 15th International Euro-Par Conference, Delft, The Netherlands, August 25-28, 2009. Proceedings, volume 5704 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. ed. by H.J. Sips, D.H.J. Epema, H.-X. Lin, (Springer, 2009), pp. 974–985

  25. U.-M. O’Reilly, J. Toutouh, M.A. Pertierra, D.P. Sanchez, D. Garcia, A.E. Lugo, J. Kelly, E. Hemberg, Adversarial genetic programming for cyber security: a rising application domain where GP matters. Genet. Progr. Evol. Mach. 21(1–2), 219–250 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Rubini, R.B. Heckendorn, T. Soule, Evolution of team composition in multi-agent systems, in Proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference, (ACM, 2009), pp. 1067–1074

  27. Robert J. Smith, Malcolm I. Heywood, Coevolving deep hierarchies of programs to solve complex tasks, in Proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference, GECCO 2017, Berlin, Germany, July 15-19, 2017. ed. by P.A.N. Bosman, (ACM, 2017), pp. 1009–1016

  28. R.J. Smith, S. Kelly, M.I. Heywood, Discovering rubik’s cube subgroups using coevolutionary GP: A five twist experiment, in Proceedings of the 2016 on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Denver, CO, USA, July 20 - 24, 2016. ed. by T. Friedrich, F. Neumann, A.M. Sutton, (ACM, 2016), pp. 789–796

  29. T. Soule, Voting teams: a cooperative approach to non-typical problems using genetic programming, in Proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference. (Morgan Kaufmann, 1999), pp. 916–922

  30. M.G. Szubert, W. Jaskowski, K. Krawiec, On scalability, generalization, and hybridization of coevolutionary learning: a case study for othello. IEEE Trans. Comput. Intell. AI Games 5(3), 214–226 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Vahdat, J. Morgan, A.R. McIntyre, M.I. Heywood, A. Nur Zincir-Heywood, Evolving GP classifiers for streaming data tasks with concept change and label budgets: a benchmarking study, in Handbook of genetic programming applications. ed. by A.H. Gandomi, A.H. Alavi, C. Ryan (Springer, Berlin, 2015), pp.451–480

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Günter. P. Wagner, Lee Altenberg, Complex adaptation and the evolution of evolvability. Evolution 50, 967–976 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. H. Zhang, A. Zhou, Q. Chen, B. Xue, M. Zhang, SR-Forest: A genetic programming based heterogeneous ensemble learning method. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1109/TEVC.2023.3243172

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Malcolm I. Heywood.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Thirtieth Anniversary of Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Heywood, M.I. W. B. Langdon “Jaws 30”. Genet Program Evolvable Mach 24, 25 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10710-023-09473-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10710-023-09473-z

Keywords

Navigation