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Automatic Creation of Human-Competitive Programs and Controllers by Means of Genetic Programming

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Abstract

Genetic programming is an automatic method for creating a computer program or other complex structure to solve a problem. This paper first reviews various instances where genetic programming has previously produced human-competitive results. It then presents new human-competitive results involving the automatic synthesis of the design of both the parameter values (i.e., tuning) and the topology of controllers for two illustrative problems. Both genetically evolved controllers are better than controllers designed and published by experts in the field of control using the criteria established by the experts. One of these two controllers infringes on a previously issued patent. Other evolved controllers duplicate the functionality of other previously patented controllers. The results in this paper, in conjunction with previous results, reinforce the prediction that genetic programming is on the threshold of routinely producing human-competitive results and that genetic programming can potentially be used as an “invention machine” to produce patentable new inventions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305

    John R. Koza

  2. Econometrics Inc., 111 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago, Illinois, 60601

    Martin A. Keane

  3. Genetic Programming Inc., Box 1669, Los Altos, California, 94023

    Jessen Yu

  4. Genetic Programming Inc., Box 1669, Los Altos, California, 94023

    Forrest H Bennett III

  5. Genetic Programming Inc., Box 1669, Los Altos, California, 94023

    William Mydlowec

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Koza, J.R., Keane, M.A., Yu, J. et al. Automatic Creation of Human-Competitive Programs and Controllers by Means of Genetic Programming. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines 1, 121–164 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010076532029

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