Skip to main content

Evolving Interpolating Models of Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange Using Grammatical Evolution

  • Conference paper
Genetic Programming (EuroGP 2012)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 7244))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Accurate measurements of Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO 2 between atmosphere and biosphere are required in order to estimate annual carbon budgets. These are typically obtained with Eddy Covariance techniques. Unfortunately, these techniques are often both noisy and incomplete, due to data loss through equipment failure and routine maintenance, and require gap-filling techniques in order to provide accurate annual budgets. In this study, a grammar-based version of Genetic Programming is employed to generate interpolating models for flux data. The evolved models are robust, and their symbolic nature provides further understanding of the environmental variables involved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Moffat, A., et al.: Comprehensive comparison of gap-filling techniques for eddy covariance net carbon fluxes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 147, 209–232 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Azad, R.M.A., Ansari, A.R., Ryan, C., Walsh, M., McGloughlin, T.: An evolutionary approach to wall shear stress prediction in a grafted artery. Applied Soft Computing 4(2), 139–148 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brabazon, A., O’Neill, M.: Biologically Inspired Algorithms for Financial Modelling. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Falge, E., et al.: Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 107, 43–69 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Gagné, C., Schoenauer, M., Parizeau, M., Tomassini, M.: Genetic Programming, Validation Sets, and Parsimony Pressure. In: Collet, P., Tomassini, M., Ebner, M., Gustafson, S., Ekárt, A. (eds.) EuroGP 2006. LNCS, vol. 3905, pp. 109–120. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Goulden, M., Munger, W., Fan, S.M., Daube, B., Wofsy, S.: Measurements of carbon sequestration by long-term eddy covariance: methods and critical evaluation of accuracy. Global Change Biology 2, 169–182 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Harper, R.: GE, explosive grammars and the lasting legacy of bad initialisation. In: Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2010, July 18-23, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 2602–2609. IEEE Press (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Holland, J.H.: Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hui, D., Wan, S., Su, B., Katul, G., Monson, R., Luo, Y.: Gap-filling missing data in eddy covariance measurements using multiple imputation (mi) for annual estimates. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 121, 93–111 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Humphreys, E., Black, T.A., Morgenstern, K., Cai, T., Drewitt, G., Nesic, Z., Trofymow, J.: Carbon dioxide fluxes in coastal douglas-fir stands at different stages of development after clearcut harvesting. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 140, 6–22 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Keijzer, M.: Improving Symbolic Regression with Interval Arithmetic and Linear Scaling. In: Ryan, C., Soule, T., Keijzer, M., Tsang, E.P.K., Poli, R., Costa, E. (eds.) EuroGP 2003. LNCS, vol. 2610, pp. 70–82. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Koza, J.R.: Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection. MIT Press (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Reichstein, M., et al.: On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: review and improved algorithm. Global Change Biology 11, 1424–1439 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. McKay, R.I., Nguyen, X.H., Whigham, P.A., Shan, Y., O’Neill, M.: Grammar-based genetic programming - a survey. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines 11(3-4), 365–396 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Murphy, J.E., O’Neill, M., Carr, H.: Exploring Grammatical Evolution for Horse Gait Optimisation. In: Vanneschi, L., Gustafson, S., Moraglio, A., De Falco, I., Ebner, M. (eds.) EuroGP 2009. LNCS, vol. 5481, pp. 183–194. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Nicolau, M.: Automatic grammar complexity reduction in grammatical evolution. In: Poli, R., et al. (eds.) Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) Workshops. AAAI (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  17. O’Neill, M., Ryan, C.: Grammatical Evolution - Evolutionary Automatic Programming in an Arbitrary Language. Genetic Programming, vol. 4. Kluwer Academic (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Papale, D., Valentini, R.: A new assessment of european forests carbon exchanges by eddy fluxes and artificial neural network spatialization. Global Change Biology 9, 525–535 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Perez, D., Nicolau, M., O’Neill, M., Brabazon, A., Yannakakis, G.N.: Evolving Behaviour Trees for the Mario AI Competition Using Grammatical Evolution. In: Di Chio, C., Cagnoni, S., Cotta, C., Ebner, M., Ekárt, A., Esparcia-Alcázar, A.I., Merelo, J.J., Neri, F., Pruess, M., Richter, H., Togelius, J., Yannakakis, G.N. (eds.) EvoApplications 2011, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6624, pp. 123–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pingintha, N., Leclerc, M., Beasley, J., Durden, D., Zhang, G., Senthong, C., Rowland, D.: Hysteresis response of daytime net ecosystem exchange during drought. Biogeosciences 7, 1159–1170 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ryan, C., Azad, A.: Sensible initialisation in grammatical evolution. In: Cantú-Paz, E., et al. (eds.) Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) Workshops. AAAI (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ryan, C., Collins, J., O’Neill, M.: Grammatical Evolution: Evolving Programs for an Arbitrary Language. In: Banzhaf, W., Poli, R., Schoenauer, M., Fogarty, T.C. (eds.) EuroGP 1998. LNCS, vol. 1391, pp. 83–95. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Tuite, C., Agapitos, A., O’Neill, M., Brabazon, A.: A Preliminary Investigation of Overfitting in Evolutionary Driven Model Induction: Implications for Financial Modelling. In: Di Chio, C., Brabazon, A., Di Caro, G.A., Drechsler, R., Farooq, M., Grahl, J., Greenfield, G., Prins, C., Romero, J., Squillero, G., Tarantino, E., Tettamanzi, A.G.B., Urquhart, N., Uyar, A.Ş. (eds.) EvoApplications 2011, Part II. LNCS, vol. 6625, pp. 120–130. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Nicolau, M., Saunders, M., O’Neill, M., Osborne, B., Brabazon, A. (2012). Evolving Interpolating Models of Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange Using Grammatical Evolution. In: Moraglio, A., Silva, S., Krawiec, K., Machado, P., Cotta, C. (eds) Genetic Programming. EuroGP 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7244. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29139-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29139-5_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-29138-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-29139-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics