Skip to main content

Methods for Evolving Robust Programs

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation — GECCO 2003 (GECCO 2003)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 2724))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Many evolutionary computation search spaces require fitness assessment through the sampling of and generalization over a large set of possible cases as input. Such spaces seem particularly apropos to Genetic Programming, which notionally searches for computer algorithms and functions. Most existing research in this area uses ad-hoc approaches to the sampling task, guided more by intuition than understanding. In this initial investigation, we compare six approaches to sampling large training case sets in the context of genetic programming representations. These approaches include fixed and random samples, and adaptive methods such as coevolution or fitness sharing. Our results suggest that certain domain features may lead to the preference of one approach to generalization over others. In particular, coevolution methods are strongly domain-dependent. We conclude the paper with suggestions for further investigations to shed more light onto how one might adjust fitness assessment to make various methods more effective.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bersano-Begey, T.F., Daida, J.M.: A discussion on generality and robustness and a framework for fitness set construction in Genetic Programming to promote robustness. In Koza, J.R., ed.: Late Breaking Papers at the 1997 Genetic Programming Conference, Stanford University, CA, USA, Stanford Bookstore (1997) 11–18

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pagie, L., Hogeweg, P.: Evolutionary consequences of coevolving targets. Evolutionary Computation 5 (1997) 401–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hillis, D.: Co-evolving parasites improve simulated evolution as an optimization procedure. Artificial Life II, SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity 10 (1991) 313–324

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kushchu, I.: Genetic Programming and evolutionary generalization. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 6 (2002) 431–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Juille, H., Pollack, J.: Coevolutionary arms race improves generalization. In Koza, J.R., ed.: Late Breaking Papers at the Genetic Programming 1998 Conference, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Stanford University Bookstore (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kinnear, Jr., K.E.: Generality and difficulty in Genetic Programming: evolving a sort. In Forrest, S., ed.: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, ICGA-93, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Morgan Kaufmann (1993) 287–294

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cavaretta, M.J., Chellapilla, K.: Data mining using Genetic Programming: The implications of parsimony on generalization error. In Angeline, P.J., Michalewicz, Z., Schoenauer, M., Yao, X., Zalzala, A., eds.: Proceedings of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation. Volume 2., Mayflower Hotel, Washington D.C., USA, IEEE Press (1999) 1330–1337

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rosca, J.: Generality versus size in Genetic Programming. In Koza, J.R., Goldberg, D.E., Fogel, D.B., Riolo, R.L., eds.: Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference, Stanford University, CA, USA, MIT Press (1996) 381–387

    Google Scholar 

  9. Droste, S.: Efficient Genetic Programming for finding good generalizing boolean functions. In Koza, J.R., Deb, K., Dorigo, M., Fogel, D.B., Garzon, M., Iba, H., Riolo, R.L., eds.: Genetic Programming 1997: Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference, Stanford University, CA, USA, Morgan Kaufmann (1997) 82–87

    Google Scholar 

  10. Reynolds, C.W.: Evolution of corridor following behavior in a noisy world. In: Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour (SAB-94). (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Koza, J.: Genetic Programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection. MIT Press (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Moore, F.W., Garcia, O.N.: New methodology for reducing brittleness in Genetic Programming. In Pohl, E., ed.: Proceedings of the National Aerospace and Electronics 1997 Conference (NAECON-97), IEEE Press (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rosin, C., Belew, R.: New methods for competitive coevolution. Evolutionary Computation 5 (1997) 1–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Forrest, S., Smith, R.E., Javornik, B., Perelson, A.S.: Using Genetic Algorithms to explore pattern recognition in the immune system. Evolutionary Computation 1 (1993) 191–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rowland, J.: On model selection in supervised learning: Do we really know when to stop? In: Evolutionary and Neural Computation in Bioinformatics: A PPSN VII Workshop. (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Brameier, M., Banzhaf, W.: A comparison of Linear Genetic Programming and Neural Networks in medical data mining. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 5 (2001) 17–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Eiben, A.E., Jelasity, M.: A critical note on experimental research methodology in EC. In: Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2002). (2002) 582–587

    Google Scholar 

  18. Luke, S. ECJ 9: An Evolutionary Computation research system in Java. Available at http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/ec/ecj/ (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Panait, L., Luke, S. (2003). Methods for Evolving Robust Programs. In: Cantú-Paz, E., et al. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation — GECCO 2003. GECCO 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2724. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45110-2_66

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45110-2_66

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-40603-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45110-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics