- author = "Gregory S. Hornby",
- title = "{ALPS}: the age-layered population structure for reducing the problem of premature convergence",
- booktitle = "{GECCO 2006:} Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation",
- year = "2006",
- editor = "Maarten Keijzer and Mike Cattolico and Dirk Arnold and Vladan Babovic and Christian Blum and Peter Bosman and Martin V. Butz and Carlos {Coello Coello} and Dipankar Dasgupta and Sevan G. Ficici and James Foster and Arturo Hernandez-Aguirre and Greg Hornby and Hod Lipson and Phil McMinn and Jason Moore and Guenther Raidl and Franz Rothlauf and Conor Ryan and Dirk Thierens",
- volume = "1",
- ISBN = "1-59593-186-4",
- pages = "815--822",
- address = "Seattle, Washington, USA",
-
URL = "
http://gpbib.cs.ucl.ac.uk/gecco2006/docs/p815.pdf",
-
DOI = "
doi:10.1145/1143997.1144142",
- publisher = "ACM Press",
- publisher_address = "New York, NY, 10286-1405, USA",
- month = "8-12 " # jul,
- organisation = "ACM SIGEVO (formerly ISGEC)",
- keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, age, computer-automated design, evolutionary algorithm, open-ended design, premature convergence, reliability",
- size = "8 pages",
- abstract = "To reduce the problem of premature convergence we define a new method for measuring an individual's age and propose the Age-Layered Population Structure (ALPS). This new measure of age measures how long the genetic material has been evolving in the population: offspring start with an age of 1 plus the age of their oldest parent instead of starting with an age of 0 as with traditional measures of age. ALPS differs from a typical evolutionary algorithm (EA) by segregating individuals into different age-layers by their age and by regularly introducing new, randomly generated individuals in the youngest layer. The introduction of randomly generated individuals at regular intervals results in an EA that is never completely converged and is always exploring new parts of the fitness landscape. By using age to restrict competition and breeding, younger individuals are able to develop without being dominated by older ones. Analysis of the search behaviour of ALPS finds that the offspring of individuals that are randomly generated mid-way through a run are able to move the population out of mediocre local-optima to better parts of the fitness landscape. In comparison against a traditional EA, a multi-start EA and two other EAs with diversity maintenance schemes we find that ALPS produces significantly better designs with a higher reliability than the other EAs.",
-
notes = "GECCO-2006 A joint meeting of the fifteenth
international conference on genetic algorithms
(ICGA-2006) and the eleventh annual genetic programming
conference (GP-2006).
ACM Order Number 910060",
