- author = "W. B. Langdon",
- title = "Open to Evolve Embodied Intelligence",
- booktitle = "Proceedings of 2022 International Conference on Embodied Intelligence, EI-2022",
- year = "2022",
- editor = "Fumiya Iida and Josie Hughes and Arsen Abdulali and Ryman Hashem",
- volume = "1292",
- series = "IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering",
- pages = "012021",
- address = "Internet, Cambridge",
- month = "23-25 " # mar,
- organisation = "Bio-Inspired Robotics, Cambridge",
- publisher = "IOP Publishing",
- note = "Open Access",
- keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolvability sweet spot, evolution of evolvability, failed disruption propagation, open nested functions, evolving embodied intelligence, Artificial Life and Intelligence",
-
URL = "
http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/W.Langdon/ftp/papers/Langdon_2022_EI.pdf",
-
DOI = "
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1292/1/012021",
- size = "11 pages",
-
abstract = "For the goal of automatically evolving Embodied
Intelligence (EI), we investigate an open software
architecture inspired by the high surface area to
volume ratio of animal lungs, which aims to avoid
information theoretic limits on long term evolution
experiments (LTEE) encountered with monolithic genetic
programming trees. Instead individuals are teams
composed of 1023 trees whose inputs and outputs are
linked by a low entropy loss branching data (air)
pathway. Most trees are shallow and software
engineering's failed disruption propagation (FDP) is
observed in the small fraction of deep trees. After
initial search, most improvements are at intermediate
depths and performance is still rising even after
100000 generations.
Despite the use of double precision for the bifurcating data interconnect, some information loss is seen, particularly in early generations. The static optimisation benchmark, appears to encourage early convergence, which locks the population into possibly sub-optimal phenotypes. Later thousands of small improvements, sometimes in large bloated ensemble members, appear to compensate for early overfitting.
Using tournament fitness selection and subtree crossover, we target pure nested side-effect free floating point functions, which are known to have low FDP, and high fidelity data paths, in the hope of generating code which is not too robust so as to prevent on going improvement. However, we again find genetic changes deep within trees are silent. For single precision, we find a maximum evolvability sweet spot with trees of depth 10 to 100. Accordingly, we suggest to evolve very large very complex programs needed for Embodied Intelligence, an open structure with a high surface area permitting most mutation sites to be within 10-100 levels of the organism's environment, and many better placed test oracles to monitor the impact of mutated code, will be needed.",
-
notes = "Also known as
\cite{Langdon_2023}
https://embodied-intelligence.org/schedule/
Published after the conference 10 November 2023. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 1292 012021",
