- author = "Cecilia Reis and Viriato M. Marques and Jose {Tenreiro Machado}",
- title = "Evolutionary Perspectives in Computer Music",
- booktitle = "Nonlinear Science and Complexity",
- year = "2008",
- editor = "J. A. {Tenreiro Machado} and Albert Luo and George Zaslavsky",
- address = "Porto, Portugal",
- month = "28-31 " # jul,
- organisation = "Institute of Engineering of Porto",
- keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming",
- annote = "The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives",
- bibsource = "OAI-PMH server at citeseerx.ist.psu.edu",
- language = "en",
- oai = "oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.466.2277",
- rights = "Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it.",
-
URL = "
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.466.2277",
-
URL = "
http://gecad.isep.ipp.pt/GECAD/Files/Publications/Publications/P_1113/NSC_2008_CMR.pdf",
- abstract = "This paper presents a brief overview of music evolution- western and non-western music- from its genesis to serialism and the Darmstadt school. Some mathematical aspects of music are then presented and confronted with music as a form of art. Some questions follow: are these two (very) distinct aspects compatible? Can computers be of real help in automatic composition? Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), Genetic Algorithms (GAs), Genetic Programming (GP), Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO), are then introduced and some results of GAs and GPs application to music generation are analysed. Variable fitness functions and PSO application seems a promising way to explore. However, what output should be envisaged? Should we expect that computer music sounds as human music, or should we look for a totally different way to explore and listen? How far can go computer creativity and in what direction? 1. A Brief History of the Western Music What is music? Citing Edgar Varese [19], music is organised sound. A well known definition from the late 19th century states that music is the artful or pleasing organisation of sound and silence. However, the way sounds are organized has dramatically changed over the years and among different cultures. In fact, music is found in every culture and even in the most primitive and isolated societies. Perhaps invented in Africa at least 50.000 years ago, music spread all over the world giving rise to completely different forms of expression ranging 2 from primitive tribal songs to sophisticated concerts, from Gregorian chant to serialism, also including Indian ragas, (Chinese) pentatonic scale based music,",
-
notes = "Published as
\cite{Reis:NSC08}
http://www.gecad.isep.ipp.pt/nsc08/",
