booktitle = "27th IEEE International Conference on Tools with
Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI)",
title = "Genetic Programming for a Wearable Approach to
Estimate Blood Pressure Embedded in a Mobile-Based
Health System",
year = "2015",
pages = "775--783",
abstract = "Continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement is an
important issue in the medical field. The hypothesis of
existence of a nonlinear relationship between
plethysmography (PPG) and BP values has been
investigated in this paper. If this hypothesis is true,
then it is possible to indirectly measure patient's BP
in a non-invasive way through the application of a
wearable wireless PPG sensor to patient's finger and
through the use of the results of a regression analysis
aimed at linking PPG and BP values. To find the
relationship between these two biomedical
characteristics we have used here Genetic Programming
(GP), because in a regression task it can evolve in an
automatic way the structure of the most suitable
explicit mathematical model. An analysis of the related
scientific literature shows that this is the first
attempt to mathematically relate PPG and BP values
through GP. In this paper some preliminary experiments
on the use of GP in facing this regression task have
been carried out. As a result, for both systolic and
diastolic BP values explicit mathematical models
providing nonlinear relationship between PPG and BP
values have been achieved, involving an approximation
error of around 2 mmHg in both cases. A prototypal
mobile-based system has been realized which is able to
continuously estimate in real time the two BP values
for any given patient by using only a plethysmography
signal and the obtained mathematical models.",