- author = "Robert J. Smith and Malcolm I. Heywood",
- title = "Evolving dota 2 shadow fiend bots using genetic programming with external memory",
- booktitle = "GECCO '19: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference",
- year = "2019",
- editor = "Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and Thomas Stuetzle and Anne Auger and Petr Posik and Leslie {Peprez Caceres} and Andrew M. Sutton and Nadarajen Veerapen and Christine Solnon and Andries Engelbrecht and Stephane Doncieux and Sebastian Risi and Penousal Machado and Vanessa Volz and Christian Blum and Francisco Chicano and Bing Xue and Jean-Baptiste Mouret and Arnaud Liefooghe and Jonathan Fieldsend and Jose Antonio Lozano and Dirk Arnold and Gabriela Ochoa and Tian-Li Yu and Holger Hoos and Yaochu Jin and Ting Hu and Miguel Nicolau and Robin Purshouse and Thomas Baeck and Justyna Petke and Giuliano Antoniol and Johannes Lengler and Per Kristian Lehre",
- isbn13 = "978-1-4503-6111-8",
- pages = "179--187",
- address = "Prague, Czech Republic",
- publisher = "ACM",
- publisher_address = "New York, NY, USA",
- month = "13-17 " # jul,
- organisation = "SIGEVO",
- note = "Nominated for Best Paper",
- keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, Dota 2, Reinforcement learning, External Memory, Partial Observability, Coevolution",
-
DOI = "
10.1145/3321707.3321866",
- size = "9 pages",
- abstract = "The capacity of genetic programming (GP) to evolve a hero character in the Dota 2 video game is investigated. A reinforcement learning context is assumed in which the only input is a 320-dimensional state vector and performance is expressed in terms of kills and net worth. Minimal assumptions are made to initialize the GP game playing agents - evolution from a tabula rasa starting point - implying that: 1) the instruction set is not task specific; 2) end of game performance feedback reflects quantitive properties a player experiences; 3) no attempt is made to impart game specific knowledge into GP, such as heuristics for improving navigation, minimizing partial observability, improving team work or prioritizing the protection of specific strategically important structures. In short, GP has to actively develop its own strategies for all aspects of the game. We are able to demonstrate competitive play with the built in game opponents assuming 1-on-1 competitions using the Shadow Fiend hero. The single most important contributing factor to this result is the provision of external memory to GP. Without this, the resulting Dota 2 bots are not able to identify strategies that match those of the built-in game bot.",
-
notes = "https://web.cs.dal.ca/~dota2/
Also known as \cite{3321866} GECCO-2019 A Recombination of the 28th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms (ICGA) and the 24th Annual Genetic Programming Conference (GP)",
