abstract = "To analyse various properties of the search process of
genetic programming it is useful to quantify the
distance between two individuals. Using operator-based
distance measures can make this analysis more accurate
and reliable than using distance measures which have no
relationship with the genetic operators. This paper
extends a recent definition of a distance measure based
on subtree crossover for genetic programming. Empirical
studies are presented that show the suitability of this
measure to dynamically calculate the fitness distance
correlation coefficient during the evolution, to
construct a fitness sharing system for genetic
programming and to measure genotypic diversity in the
population. These experiments confirm the accuracy of
the new measure and its consistency with the subtree
crossover genetic operator.",