- author = "William H. Hsu and Steven M. Gustafson",
- title = "Genetic Programming And Multi-agent Layered Learning By Reinforcements",
- booktitle = "GECCO 2002: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference",
- editor = "W. B. Langdon and E. Cant{\'u}-Paz and K. Mathias and R. Roy and D. Davis and R. Poli and K. Balakrishnan and V. Honavar and G. Rudolph and J. Wegener and L. Bull and M. A. Potter and A. C. Schultz and J. F. Miller and E. Burke and N. Jonoska",
- year = "2002",
- pages = "764--771",
- address = "New York",
- publisher_address = "San Francisco, CA 94104, USA",
-
URL = "
http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~smg/research/publications/gecco-llgp-2002.pdf",
- month = "9-13 " # jul,
- publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers",
- keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, Layered learning GP, LLGP, MAS, robot football, soccer",
- ISBN = "1-55860-878-8",
-
URL = "http://gpbib.cs.ucl.ac.uk/gecco2002/GP004.pdf",
-
URL = "http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/W.Langdon/ftp/papers/gecco2002/gecco-2002-14.pdf",
- size = "8 pages",
- abstract = "We present an adaptation of the standard genetic program (GP) to hierarchically decomposable, multi-agent learning problems. To break down a problem that requires cooperation of multiple agents, we use the team objective function to derive a simpler, intermediate objective function for pairs of cooperating agents. We apply GP to optimise first for the intermediate, then for the team objective function, using the final population from the earlier GP as the initial seed population for the next. This layered learning approach facilitates the discovery of primitive behaviours that can be reused and adapted towards complex objectives based on a shared team goal. We use this method to evolve agents to play a subproblem of robotic soccer (keep-away soccer). Finally, we show how layered learning GP evolves better agents than standard GP, including GP with automatically defined functions, and how the problem decomposition results in a significant learning-speed increase.",
-
notes = "GECCO-2002. A joint meeting of the eleventh
International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
(ICGA-2002) and the seventh Annual Genetic Programming
Conference (GP-2002)
Nominated for best at GECCO award",
