keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, time series,
Japanese stock market, bankruptcy prediction, best
stock choosing, financial data prediction, financial
forecasting, fraud detection, high profit, investment,
neural networks, portfolio optimization, price data
prediction, scheduling, time-series prediction,
evolutionary computation, financial data processing,
investment, neural nets, stock markets",
ISBN = "0-7803-5536-9 (softbound)",
ISBN = "0-7803-5537-7 (Microfiche)",
DOI = "doi:10.1109/CEC.1999.781932",
abstract = "This paper presents the application of genetic
programming (GP) to the prediction of price data in the
Japanese stock market. The goal of this task is to
choose the best stocks when making an investment and to
decide when and how many stocks to sell or buy. There
have been several applications of genetic algorithms
(GAs) to financial problems, such as portfolio
optimisation, bankruptcy prediction, financial
forecasting, fraud detection and scheduling. GP has
also been applied to many problems in time-series
prediction. However, relatively few studies have been
made for the purpose of predicting stock market data by
means of GP. This paper describes how successfully GP
is applied to predicting stock data so as to gain a
high profit. Comparative experiments are conducted with
neural networks to show the effectiveness of the
GP-based approach",
notes = "CEC-99 - A joint meeting of the IEEE, Evolutionary
Programming Society, Galesia, and the IEE.