Hacked from Bibnet; ftp://netlib.att.com/netlib/bibnet/index.html.Z (see also http://www.netlib.org/bibnet/) The GP bibliography contains files in BibTeX form, as shown in the following example: @Article{Higham:1994:BVT, author = "Nicholas J. Higham", title = "{BibTeX}: {A} Versatile Tool for {\LaTeX} Users", journal = "SIAM News", year = "1994", volume = "27", number = "1", pages = "10, 11, 19", month = "January" } The choice of the BibTeX format not only allows automatization of references in LaTeX or TeX documents. BibTeX references are structured with fields: therefore, the category of the information can be parsed and automatically processed. Bibliography databases should be supplied in BibTeX form. However, if you ALREADY have a bibliography database in another format than BibTeX, you may consult Appendix E: we have tools for conversion to BibTeX of bibliography databases in a few other PARSEABLE formats. The article in the reference above appeared in the January 1994 issue of SIAM News, and is an excellent overview of the features and power of BibTeX. Information on BibTeX and suggested standards and tips are described respectively in Appendices A and B. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Appendix A) Information and documentation on BibTeX, LaTeX, and TeX ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A.1) Syntax of a BibTeX entry BibTeX entries begin with an initial @ as the first non-blank character on the line, followed immediately by a document type, such as Article, Book, PhDThesis, etc., followed by a braced list of items. The first item is the citation tag, which is the `handle' used to refer to the entry for citation purposes. Remaining items are keyname = "value", assignments. Keynames identify parts of the citation, such as author, title, and year. Particular bibliography styles generally recognize only a subset of keynames for each document type; all others are simply ignored, i.e. they do not appear in typeset bibliography data. However, it is desirable to augment entries with useful information like abstracts and keywords that can be used in bibliographic searches. See Appendix C for more details. A.2) Documentation on BibTeX We refer to the references in A.3) in BibTeX for more information on TeX, LaTeX, and BibTeX. A user's guide for BibTeX is in Appendix B of Lamport's books. A.3) Example of a BibTeX database This is an example of what a typical BibTeX database looks like: it lists a set of the references for BibTeX and (La)TeX typesetting. @String{j-CACM = "Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery"} @String{pub-AW = "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey"} @String{pub-AW:adr = "Reading, MA, USA"} @String{TUGboat = "TUGBoat"} @Article{Baeza-Yates:j-CACM-35-10-74, author = "Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Gaston H. Gonnet", title = "A New Approach to Text Searching", journal = j-CACM, year = "1992", volume = "35", number = "10", pages = "74--82", month = oct, bibdate = "Sat Nov 7 11:35:45 1992", } @Article{Beebe:TB14-4-395-419, author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", title = "Bibliography Prettyprinting and Syntax Checking", journal = TUGboat, year = "1993", volume = "14", number = "4", pages = "395--419", note = dec, bibdate = "Fri Dec 31 12:15:07 1993", } @Article{Higham:SIAM-NEWS-27-1-10, author = "Nicholas J. Higham", title = "{BibTeX}: {A} Versatile Tool for {\LaTeX} Users", journal = "SIAM News", year = "1994", volume = "27", number = "1", pages = "10, 11, 19", month = "January" } @Book{Knuth:ct-a, author = "Donald E. Knuth", title = "The {\TeX}book", publisher = pub-AW, address = pub-AW:adr, year = "1986", volume = "{\noopsort{1986a}}A", series = "Computers and Typesetting", ISBN = "0-201-13447-0", LCCN = "Z253.4.T47 K58 1986", pages = "ix + 483", bibdate = "Wed Dec 15 10:36:52 1993", } @Book{Lamport:LDP85, author = "Leslie Lamport", title = "{\LaTeX}\emdash A Document Preparation System\emdash User's Guide and Reference Manual", publisher = pub-AW, address = pub-AW:adr, year = "1985", ISBN = "0-201-15790-X", LCCN = "Z253.4.L38 L35 1986", pages = "xiv + 242", bibdate = "Wed Dec 15 10:38:04 1993", } @Book{Lamport:LDP94, author = "Leslie Lamport", title = "{\LaTeX}: {A} Document Preparation System: User's Guide and Reference Manual", publisher = pub-AW, year = "1994", ISBN = "0-201-52983-1", LCCN = "Z253.4.L38L35 1994", address = pub-AW:adr, edition = "Second", pages = "xvi + 272", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, bibdate = "Wed Aug 10 09:55:59 1994", } @Article{Wonneberger:TB12-1-111-124, author = "Reinhard Wonneberger and Frank Mittelbach", title = "{{\BibTeX{} reconsidered}}", journal = TUGboat, year = "1991", volume = "12", number = "1", pages = "111--124", month = Mar, } @Article{Wu:j-CACM-35-10-83, author = "Sun Wu and Udi Manber", title = "Fast Text Searching Allowing Errors", journal = j-CACM, year = "1992", volume = "35", number = "10", pages = "83--91", month = oct, URL = "file://cs.arizona.edu/agrep/agrep-2.04.tar.Z", note = "This algorithm in this paper is implemented in the \path|agrep| program, publicly available via ANONYMOUS FTP to \path|cs.arizona.edu| in the \path|agrep| subdirectory. See also \cite{Baeza-Yates:j-CACM-35-10-74}.", bibdate = "Sat Nov 7 11:31:19 1992", } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Appendix B) Suggested BibTeX standards and tips ------------------------------------------------------------------------ B.1) Citation tags The citation tags must be unique. I have used existing tags where I could find them otherwise I have aimed to follow the bibnet standard. Bibnet citation tags look like FirstAuthorLastName:year:key-phrase with the FirstAuthorLastName capitalized (all caps if an acronym), and the key-phrase a (possibly hyphenated) phrase in upper case. The year is always a 4-digit value. The key-phrase is constructed from the initial letters of the first three capitalized names in the title, ignoring articles and prepositions. B.3) Other suggested standards and tips - Article entries should include the full title with original capitalization, starting and ending page numbers, volume, number, and month, as well as the usual author, journal, and year. The titles are particularly important, because they are the material most heavily used in automated database lookups. - Oren Patashnik (BibTeX's author) recommends against using ties (~) ANYWHERE in the bibliography; BibTeX puts them in where needed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Appendix C) Information to provide in the bibliography entries ------------------------------------------------------------------------ We hope that the community will understand the convenience and power of the BibNet bibliography database, and will promptly provide INFORMATION that is as complete and correct as possible. C.1) Publication types to enter in a bibliography All publication types will be found in the BibTeX templates and include: @Article @PhDThesis .... @Miscellaneous Bibliography entries for preprints as well as refereed publications are encouraged; if a preprint or report is subsequently published, you can add a cross-reference note somewhat like this note = "This paper supersedes an earlier technical report \cite{Author:tag}." C.3) Suggested information fields Useful information include keywords = " ...., ....., ..... ", which can be used in bibliographic searches, and abstract = " .... " For books, it is highly desirable to include the International Standard Book Number (ISBN), as was done in the Lamport citation in Appendix A: ISBN = "0-201-15790-X", ISBNs have been in use since the early 1970s; they uniquely identify the publisher and the book, and incorporate a check digit for enhanced reliability. Many bookstores now require ISBNs for orders. Some libraries allow catalog lookup by ISBN (e.g. University of California's Melvyl system: "find isbn 0-201-15790-X"). The bibclean tool in Appendix D can validate ISBNs, and also ISSNs (International Standard Serial Numbers). For software and other electronically-accessible material, it will be useful to incorporate references to retrieval locations in the bibliography. There is as yet no standard BibTeX field for this purpose, so please use a field name of URL, such as URL = "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/index", from the Mosaic and World-Wide Web `Uniform Resource Locator', and will develop support for that field in BibTeX style files. From the WWW frequently-asked-questions documentation: 4. What is a URL? ***************** URL stands for "Uniform Resource Locator". It is a draft standard for specifying an object on the Internet, such as a file or newsgroup. URLs look like this: o file://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors/msdos/graphics/gifkit.zip o file://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors o http://info.cern.ch:80/default.html o news:alt.hypertext o telnet://dra.com The first part of the URL, before the colon, specifies the access method. The part of the URL after the colon is interpreted specific to the access method. In general, two slashes after the colon indicate a machine name (machine:port is also valid). Further details can be found in the Uniform Resource Locators document in the file bibnet/url.txt. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Appendix D) Tools for BibTeX support ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A sample collection of empty and filled-in BibTeX entry types is provided separately in the file bibnet/tools/examples/template.bib. The empty templates can be used in editors less powerful than Emacs. The files bibnet/tools/examples/template.bib is a sample BibTeX bibliography file with empty templates for each document type, and one real example of each document type. The file bibnet/tools/examples/template.ltx is a LaTeX wrapper for printing template.bib. These files can be processed like this: make BIB=template or more laboriously, providing the template.twx file is present, latex template.ltx bibtex template latex template.ltx latex template.ltx This processing requires BibTeX and LaTeX style files which are found in the same directory as the template.* files. There is also excellent GNU Emacs editing support for entry and maintenance of BibTeX files; several additional *.el (Emacs Lisp) files are included in the bibnet/tools/emacs tree, and the index file there gives a short summary of their contents. There are a number of tools for bibliography editing, prettyprinting, sorting, ordering, merging, and syntax checking in bibnet/tools/software. The prettyprinter and syntax checker is called bibclean, and is described in this article: @String{TUGboat = "TUGBoat"} @Article{Beebe:TB14-4-395-419, author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", title = "Bibliography Prettyprinting and Syntax Checking", journal = TUGboat, year = "1993", volume = "14", number = "4", pages = "395--419", note = dec, bibdate = "Fri Dec 31 12:15:07 1993", } A copy of that paper is included in the bibclean distribution by permission of the TUGboat editors. The most recent version is found in the archive files bibnet/tools/software/bibclean-2.08.*. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Appendix E) Conversion from other bibliography formats ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tools are available to convert UNIX troff/nroff bib/refer data bases to BibTeX form, so if you only have the latter, then we can undertake the conversion to BibTeX form at our end. James Alexander's TIB format is similar enough to bib/refer that we can automate conversion of TIB files as well. We are willing to consider other formats as candidates for automated conversion if (a) the other format consists of PARSEABLE fields, (c) the conversion software will be usable for other bibliographies, (d) the bibliography is large, and (e) updates subsequently are contributed in BibTeX form. Files that look something like this \bibitem{Lamport:LDP85} Leslie Lamport. \newblock {\em {\LaTeX}\emdash A Document Preparation System\emdash User's Guide and Reference Manual}. \newblock Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey, Reading, MA, USA, 1985. \newblock ISBN 0-201-15790-X. are the input to LaTeX for a bibliography, possibly prepared by BibTeX. This form is NOT useful for a bibliographic database, because the fields are not readily identifiable and parseable by a computer program. It is essential to have visible markup that identifies fields like author, title, volume, journal, publisher, year, etc. The same problem exists in typical library catalog entries, such as this one from the Library of Congress catalog Lamport, Leslie. LATEX : a document preparation system : user's guide and reference manual / Leslie Lamport ; illustrations by Duane Bibby. 2nd ed. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., c1994. xvi, 272 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. LC CALL NUMBER: Z253.4.L38 L35 1994 SUBJECTS: LaTeX (Computer file) Computerized typesetting. DEWEY DEC: 682.2/2544536 dc20 NOTES: Includes bibliographical references (p. 235) and index. ISBN: 0201529831 LCCN: 93-39691 ------------------------------------------------------------------------