abstract = "Currently, various automatic programming techniques
have been proposed and applied in various fields. Graph
Structured Program Evolution (GRAPE) is a recent
automatic programming technique with graph structure.
This technique can generate complex programs
automatically. In this paper, we introduce the concept
of automatically defined functions, called
automatically defined nodes (ADN), in GRAPE. The
proposed GRAPE program has a main program and several
subprograms. We verified the effectiveness of ADN
through several program evolution experiments, and
report the results of evolution of recursive programs
using GRAPE modified with ADN.",
notes = "GECCO-2009 A joint meeting of the eighteenth
international conference on genetic algorithms
(ICGA-2009) and the fourteenth annual genetic
programming conference (GP-2009).