abstract = "This research provides a method to enhance accuracy
and reduce performance fluctuation of programs produced
by genetic programming by combining individual evolved
programs into robust ensembles. More effective
ensembles have fewer correlated faulty outputs.
Therefore, current ensemble techniques focus on
diversity pressures to reduce correlated faults among
the ensemble members. However, whether or not an
optimal ensemble is formed through these pressures is
unknown, simply because ensemble optimality is
undefined. We define the behavioural diversity of an
ensemble of imperfect programs as the degree to which
the ensemble failure rate deviates from what one would
expect if fault occurrences were statistically
independent. Given this metric, we form an ensemble by
selecting individuals that exhibit this diversity from
a large pool of evolved programs and combining their
outputs into a single ensemble output. Classification
or prediction problems benefit the most from this
research. We have validated our approach by showing
statistically significant improvements when applied to
a DNA segment classification problem.",