abstract = "Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been proposed in the
middle of the 20th century, attempting to create
machines with intelligence such as reasoning,
knowledge, planning, learning, communication,
perception and the ability to move and manipulate the
objects that human beings have acquired during their
life. With the rapid development of computers in the
past several decades, AI achieved its greatest
successes in the 1990s and early 21st century
throughout a wide range of fields including medical
diagnosis,stock trading, robot control, law, scientific
discovery, etc. So far, many approaches in the field of
AI, such as evolutionary computation, Neural Networks
(NNs) and Fuzzy Logics (FL), have been proposed and
studied collectively by the emerging discipline of
computational intelligence.
Among them, there is evolutionary computation which
mainly comprises Genetic Algorithms (GA), Evolutionary
Programming (EP), Evolution Strategy(ES), Genetic
Programming(GP) and learning classifier systems. The
mechanisms of evolutionary computation were inspired by
biological evolution such as reproduction, mutation,
recombination, natural selection and survival of the
fittest. In this...pages more...",