abstract = "Wind power forecasting is essential for the
integration of large amounts of wind power into the
electric grid, especially during large rapid changes of
wind generation. These changes, known as ramp events,
may cause instability in the power grid. Therefore,
detailed information of future ramp events could
potentially improve the backup allocation process
during the Day Ahead (DA) market (12 to 36 hours before
the actual operation), allowing the reduction of
resources needed, costs and environmental impact. It is
well established in the literature that meteorological
models are necessary when forecasting more than six
hours into the future. Most state-of-the-art
forecasting tools use a combination of Numerical
Weather Prediction (NWP) forecasts and observations to
estimate the power output of a single wind turbine or a
whole wind farm. Although NWP systems can model
meteorological processes that are related to large
changes in wind power, these might be misplaced i.e. in
the wrong physical position. A standard way to quantify
such errors is by the use of NWP ensembles. However,
these are computationally expensive. Here, an
alternative is to use spatial fields, which are used to
explore different numerical grid points to quantify
variability. This strategy can achieve comparable
results to typical numerical ensembles, which makes it
a potential candidate for ramp characterisation.",
notes = "'A Genetic Programming Approach for Wind Speed
Downscaling'