keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, Cartesian
Genetic Programming, linear genetic programming, ANN,
XAI",
isbn13 = "978-981-95-6397-5",
DOI = "10.1007/978-981-95-6398-2_13",
abstract = "Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) and Linear Genetic
Programming (LGP) to a diverse set of benchmark tasks
spanning discrete and continuous control. Compared to
standard state-of-the-art ANN-based Reinforcement
Learning (RL) methods, our approach produces policies
with generally competitive performance and
significantly smaller, human-readable representations.
To assess interpretability, we conduct a systematic
analysis of evolved policy graphs, identifying the
rationales driving decision-making. While the evolved
policies are indeed compact, we find that meaningful
interpretation often requires symbolic post-processing,
simplification, and visualization, to be truly
accessible. Additionally, we highlight the
computational inefficiency of current GGP methods
relative to RL, suggesting a need for future
improvements in optimization and scalability. In
summary, our findings on a comprehensive empirical
assessment underscore the promise and limitations of
GGP for evolving transparent control policies.",