- author = "Karl Sims",
- title = "Interactive evolution of equations for procedural models",
- journal = "The Visual Computer",
- year = "1993",
- volume = "9",
- number = "8",
- pages = "466--476",
- month = aug,
- keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, Procedural models",
- publisher = "Springer",
- ISSN = "0178-2789",
-
URL = "
https://karlsims.com/papers/InteractiveEvolutionVisualComputer93.pdf",
-
DOI = "
doi:10.1007/BF01888721",
- size = "11 pages",
- abstract = "This paper describes how the evolutionary mechanisms of variation and selection can be used to evolve complex equations used by procedural models for computer graphics and animation. An interactive process between the user and the computer allows the user to guide evolving equations by observing results and providing aesthetic information at each step of the process. The computer automatically generates random mutations of equations and combinations between equations to create new generations of results. This repeated interaction between user and computer allows the user to search hyperspaces of possible equations without being required to design the equations by hand or even understand them. Three examples of these techniques have been implemented and are described: procedurally generated pictures and textures, three-dimensional shapes represented by parametric equations, and two-dimensional dynamical systems described by sets of differential equations. It is proposed that these methods have potential as powerful tools for exploring procedural models and achieving flexible complexity with a minimum of user input and knowledge of details.",
-
notes = "Publisher Springer-Verlag. like \cite{Sims:1994:ieds}
Add 3rd Z variable to each cell to give volume textures
or time to give animation sequences. Volumes also
produced using primitives that give 3dee coordinates.
Different ways of visualising 3D are described. Library
of previously evolved s-expressions may be
(interactively) re-used. 'allows the user and computer
to work together interactively in a new way to produce
results that neither could easily produce alone.' 'A
version of this paper was previously published'... as
\cite{Sims:1992:ieepm}
7 different types of mutation described {"}It is preferable to adjust the mutation frequencies such that a decrease in complexity is slightly more probable than an increase. This prevents the expressions drifting towards large and slow forms without necessarily improving the results.{"} [page 469]",
- affiliation = "Thinking Machines Corporation 245 First Street 02142 Cambridge MA USA",
