Bystander Responses to a Violent Incident in an Immersive Virtual Environment
Created by W.Langdon from
gp-bibliography.bib Revision:1.8178
- @Article{Slater:2013:plos1,
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author = "Mel Slater and Aitor Rovira and Richard Southern and
David Swapp and Jian J. Zhang and Claire Campbell and
Mark Levine",
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title = "Bystander Responses to a Violent Incident in an
Immersive Virtual Environment",
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journal = "PLoS ONE",
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year = "2013",
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volume = "8",
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number = "1",
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pages = "e52766",
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keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming",
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URL = "http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0052766",
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DOI = "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052766",
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bibsource = "OAI-PMH server at discovery.ucl.ac.uk",
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language = "eng",
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oai = "oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1383154",
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rights = "open",
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URL = "http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383154/",
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abstract = "Under what conditions will a bystander intervene to
try to stop a violent attack by one person on another?
It is generally believed that the greater the size of
the crowd of bystanders, the less the chance that any
of them will intervene. A complementary model is that
social identity is critical as an explanatory variable.
For example, when the bystander shares common social
identity with the victim the probability of
intervention is enhanced, other things being equal.
However, it is generally not possible to study such
hypotheses experimentally for practical and ethical
reasons. Here we show that an experiment that depicts a
violent incident at life-size in immersive virtual
reality lends support to the social identity
explanation. 40 male supporters of Arsenal Football
Club in England were recruited for a two-factor
between-groups experiment: the victim was either an
Arsenal supporter or not (in-group/out-group), and
looked towards the participant for help or not during
the confrontation. The response variables were the
numbers of verbal and physical interventions by the
participant during the violent argument. The number of
physical interventions had a significantly greater mean
in the in-group condition compared to the out-group.
The more that participants perceived that the Victim
was looking to them for help the greater the number of
interventions in the in-group but not in the out-group.
These results are supported by standard statistical
analysis of variance, with more detailed findings
obtained by a symbolic regression procedure based on
genetic programming. Verbal interventions made during
their experience, and analysis of post-experiment
interview data suggest that in-group members were more
prone to confrontational intervention compared to the
out-group who were more prone to make statements to try
to diffuse the situation.",
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notes = "See also \cite{oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1383154}",
- }
Genetic Programming entries for
Mel Slater
Aitor Rovira
Richard Southern
David Swapp
Jian J Zhang
Claire Campbell
Mark Levine
Citations