- title = "{$N$}-version Genetic Programming via Fault Masking",
- author = "Kosuke Imamura and Robert B. Heckendorn and Terence Soule and James A. Foster",
- editor = "James A. Foster and Evelyne Lutton and Julian Miller and Conor Ryan and Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi",
- booktitle = "Genetic Programming, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference, EuroGP 2002",
- volume = "2278",
- series = "LNCS",
- pages = "172--181",
- publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
- address = "Kinsale, Ireland",
- publisher_address = "Berlin",
- month = "3-5 " # apr,
- year = "2002",
- keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming",
- ISBN = "3-540-43378-3",
-
DOI = "
doi:10.1007/3-540-45984-7_17",
- abstract = "We introduce a new method, N-Version Genetic Programming (NVGP), for building fault tolerant software by building an ensemble of automatically generated modules in such a way as to maximize their collective fault masking ability. The ensemble itself is an example of n-version modular redundancy for fault tolerance, where the output of the ensemble is the most frequent output of n independent modules. By maximising collective fault masking, NVGP approaches the fault tolerance expected from n version modular redundancy with independent faults in component modules. The ensemble comprises individual modules from a large pool generated with genetic programming, using operators that increase the diversity of the population. Our experimental test problem classified promoter regions in Escherichia coli DNA sequences. For this problem, NVGP reduced the number and variance of errors over single modules produced by GP, with statistical significance.",
-
notes = "EuroGP'2002, part of \cite{lutton:2002:GP}, UCI ML
e.coli benchmark (balanced training 35 positives, 35
negatives). beowulf. 2-gram (16 possible). linear gp
(MIPS like). max length 80. 4 read/write registers
(memory). 5 crossover types. Inversion (!). 2 mutation
operators, tournament fitness=correlation coefficient.
40 isolated islands (demes) each 100 individuals.
ensemble = composition from (randomly chosen)
island.
ensemble is qualified if number of its errors <= number of errors expected if its components were _independent_ 14% to 58% improvement in error rate for ensemble (of 30) compared to single GP (pop 100).
",
