Systematic Evaluation of Permeability of Concrete Incorporating Coconut Shell as Replacement of Fine Aggregate
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- @Article{mhaya:2022:Materials,
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author = "Akram M. Mhaya and Hassan Amer Algaifi and
Shahiron Shahidan and Sharifah Salwa Mohd Zuki and
Mohamad Azim Mohammad Azmi and Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim and
Ghasan Fahim Huseien",
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title = "Systematic Evaluation of Permeability of Concrete
Incorporating Coconut Shell as Replacement of Fine
Aggregate",
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journal = "Materials",
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year = "2022",
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volume = "15",
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number = "22",
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pages = "Article No. 7944",
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keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, gene
expression programming",
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ISSN = "1996-1944",
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URL = "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/7944",
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DOI = "doi:10.3390/ma15227944",
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abstract = "The concern about coconut shell disposal and natural
fine aggregate depletion has prompted researchers to
use coconut shell as aggregate in recent years.
However, the majority of the present literature has
focused on using coconut shell as a coarse aggregate
replacement in concrete via the traditional method. In
this study, concrete incorporating coconut shell as a
fine aggregate replacement (10–100percent) was
evaluated using permeability and water absorption tests
in a systematic way. The response surface methodology
(RSM) was first used to design the experimental works.
In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) and
genetic expression programming (GEP) were also taken
into account to mathematically predict the permeability
and water absorption. Based on both experimental and
theoretical modelling, three scenarios were observed.
In the first scenario, high quality concrete was
achieved when the replacement percentage of sand by
coconut shell ranged from 0percent to 10percent. This
is because both the permeability and water absorption
were less than 1.5 × 10−11 m and 5percent,
respectively. In the second scenario, an acceptable and
reasonable low permeability (less than 2.7 ×
10−11 m/s) and water absorption (less than
6.7percent) were also obtained when the replacement
percentage increased up to 60percent. In contrast, the
high content coconut shell, such as 90percent and
100percent, developed concrete with a high permeability
and water absorption and was defined in the third
scenario. It was also inferred that both the
experimental and mathematical models (ANN, GEP, and
RSM) have consistent and accurate results. The
correlation statistics indicators (R2) were greater
than 0.94 and the error was less than 0.3, indicating a
strong correlation and minimum error. In conclusion,
coconut shell could act as a good alternative material
to produce cleaner concrete with an optimum value of
50percent as a fine aggregate replacement.",
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notes = "also known as \cite{ma15227944}",
- }
Genetic Programming entries for
Akram M Mhaya
Hassan Amer Algaifi
Shahiron Shahidan
Sharifah Salwa Mohd Zuki
Mohamad Azim Mohammad Azmi
Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim
Ghasan Fahim Huseien
Citations