abstract = "illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of genetic
programming in the context of forecasting out-of-sample
volatility in the DEM/USD and JPY/USD markets.
GARCH(1,1) models serve used as a benchmark. While the
GARCH model outperforms the genetic program at short
horizons using the mean-squared-error (MSE) criterion,
the genetic program often outperforms the GARCH at
longer horizons and consistently returns lower mean
absolute forecast errors (MAE).",