- author = "Hongqing Cao and Friedrich Recknagel and Lydia Cetin and Byron Zhang",
- title = "Process-based simulation library SALMO-OO for lake ecosystems. Part 2: Multi-objective parameter optimization by evolutionary algorithms",
- journal = "Ecological Informatics",
- volume = "3",
- number = "2",
- pages = "181--190",
- year = "2008",
- ISSN = "1574-9541",
-
DOI = "
doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2008.02.001",
-
URL = "
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7W63-4S69SG8-1/2/95e920ec339c554888f67696a93f2f37",
- keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, Multi-objective parameter optimization, SALMO-OO, Lake categories, Evolutionary algorithms",
-
abstract = "SALMO-OO represents an object-oriented simulation
library for lake ecosystems that allows to determine
generic model structures for certain lake categories.
It is based on complex ordinary differential equations
that can be assembled by alternative process equations
for algal growth and grazing as well as zooplankton
growth and mortality. It requires 128 constant
parameters that are causally related to the metabolic,
chemical and transport processes in lakes either
estimated from laboratory and field experiments or
adopted from the literature. An evolutionary algorithm
(EA) was integrated into SALMO-OO in order to
facilitate multi-objective optimization for selected
parameters and to substitute them by optimum
temperature and phosphate functions. The parameters
were related to photosynthesis, respiration and grazing
of the three algal groups diatoms, green algae and
blue-green algae. The EA determined specific
temperature and phosphate functions for same parameters
for 3 lake categories that were validated by ecological
data of six lakes from Germany and South Africa.
The results of this study have demonstrated that: (1) the hybridization of ordinary differential equations by EA provide a sophisticated approach to fine-tune crucial parameters of complex ecological models, and (2) the multi-objective parameter optimization of SALMO-OO by EA has significantly improved the accuracy of simulation results for three different lake categories.",
