abstract = "Container technology has become a new trend in both
the software industry and cloud computing. Containers
support the fast development of web applications and
they have the potential to reduce energy consumption in
data centres. Containers are usually first allocated to
virtual machines (VMs) and VMs are allocated to
physical machines. The container allocation is a
challenging task which involves a two-level allocation
problem. Current research overly simplifies the
container allocation into a one-level allocation
problem and uses simple rule-based approaches to solve
the problem. As a result, the resource is not allocated
efficiently which leads to high energy consumption.
This paper provides a novel definition of the two-level
container allocation problem. Then, we develop a hybrid
approach using genetic programming hyper-heuristics
combined with human-designed rules to solve the
problem. The experiments show that our hybrid approach
is able to significantly reduce energy consumption than
solely using human-designed rules.",