abstract = "Mussel farms are vital contributors to New Zealand's
booming aquaculture industry, driving economic growth
and generating employment opportunities across the
country. To meet the demand for sustainable mussel
production, innovative computer vision and AI solutions
are essential in detecting mussel floats that maintain
crop line buoyancy. However, object detection in mussel
farm images faces considerable challenges such as poor
image quality, partial occlusion, and high variability
in image conditions. In this paper, we propose a new
genetic programming-based approach tailored for object
detection in mussel farm images. The approach features
a new waterline detection algorithm for image
segmentation and a new genetic programming method,
called 3-Tree GP, for object detection (mussel
buoy/float). Experimental results show that the
proposed approach achieves a detection F1 score of
94.4percent, surpassing the state-of-the-art YOLOv8 by
over 4percent. In particular, the approach excels in
identifying objects that are partially occluded, or
located far away from the camera, making it suitable
for real-world applications.",