Enhancing Local Decisions in Agent-Based Cartesian Genetic Programming by CMA-ES
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- @Article{bremer:2023:Systems,
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author = "Joerg Bremer and Sebastian Lehnhoff",
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title = "Enhancing Local Decisions in Agent-Based Cartesian
Genetic Programming by {CMA-ES}",
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journal = "Systems",
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year = "2023",
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volume = "11",
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number = "4",
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pages = "Article No. 177",
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keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, cartesian
genetic programming",
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ISSN = "2079-8954",
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URL = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/4/177",
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DOI = "doi:10.3390/systems11040177",
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abstract = "Cartesian genetic programming is a popular version of
classical genetic programming, and it has now
demonstrated a very good performance in solving various
use cases. Originally, programs evolved by using a
centralized optimisation approach. Recently, an
algorithmic level decomposition of program evolution
has been introduced that can be solved by a multi-agent
system in a fully distributed manner. A heuristic for
distributed combinatorial problem-solving was adapted
to evolve these programs. The applicability of the
approach and the effectiveness of the used multi-agent
protocol as well as of the evolved genetic programs for
the case of full enumeration in local agent decisions
has already been successfully demonstrated. Symbolic
regression, n-parity, and classification problems were
used for this purpose. As is typical of decentralized
systems, agents have to solve local sub-problems for
decision-making and for determining the best local
contribution to solving program evolution. So far, only
a full enumeration of the solution candidates has been
used, which is not sufficient for larger problem sizes.
We extend this approach by using CMA-ES as an algorithm
for local decisions. The superior performance of CMA-ES
is demonstrated using Koza’s computational effort
statistic when compared with the original approach. In
addition, the distributed modality of the local
optimisation is scrutinized by a fitness landscape
analysis.",
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notes = "also known as \cite{systems11040177}",
- }
Genetic Programming entries for
Joerg Bremer
Sebastian Lehnhoff
Citations